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Which demographic factor is a significant risk for child maltreatment?

  1. Family income level

  2. Educational attainment of parents

  3. Social support networks

  4. All of the above

The correct answer is: All of the above

Each of the demographic factors listed—family income level, educational attainment of parents, and social support networks—plays a significant role in the risk of child maltreatment, making the comprehensive option the most appropriate choice. Family income level is a critical factor because poverty can create significant stress for families, leading to increased tension and potential neglect or abuse situations. Parents struggling to meet basic needs may find themselves overwhelmed, which can affect their ability to care for and nurture their children adequately. Educational attainment of parents is also essential; parents with lower educational levels may face challenges such as limited resources and knowledge about child development and effective parenting strategies. They might lack access to support systems that can provide assistance and guidance, increasing the risk of maltreatment. Social support networks are crucial, as parents with strong social connections often have access to resources, emotional support, and practical help in times of stress. A lack of such networks can isolate parents and increase their vulnerability to engaging in negative behaviors that may affect their children. Given that all three factors—family income level, educational attainment of parents, and social support networks—individually contribute to the risk factors associated with child maltreatment, acknowledging that they work together reinforces the understanding that a holistic view of demographic influences is essential in addressing